それぞれの集合に数字と文字列の例を記載します。
和集合 (Union)
|演算子を使います。
a = [1, 2, 3]
b = [3, 4, 5]
union = a | b
p union # => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
a = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
b = ["banana", "cherry", "date"]
union = a | b
p union # => ["apple", "banana", "cherry", "date"]積集合 (Intersection)
&演算子を使います。
a = [1, 2, 3]
b = [3, 4, 5]
intersection = a & b
p intersection # => [3]
a = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
b = ["banana", "cherry", "date"]
intersection = a & b
p intersection # => ["banana", "cherry"]差集合 (Difference)
-演算子を使います。
a = [1, 2, 3]
b = [3, 4, 5]
difference_ab = a - b
difference_ba = b - a
p difference_ab # => [1, 2]
p difference_ba # => [4, 5]
a = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
b = ["banana", "cherry", "date"]
difference_ab = a - b
difference_ba = b - a
p difference_ab # => ["apple"]
p difference_ba # => ["date"]対称差 (Symmetric Difference)
対称差はRubyの配列に直接的なメソッドがないため、和集合と積集合を使って計算することができます。
a = [1, 2, 3]
b = [3, 4, 5]
symmetric_difference = (a | b) - (a & b)
p symmetric_difference # => [1, 2, 4, 5]
a = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
b = ["banana", "cherry", "date"]
symmetric_difference = (a | b) - (a & b)
p symmetric_difference # => ["apple", "date"]